The development and application of genomic selection as a new breeding paradigm
By A. Eggen. 2012
125 citations recorded by the source corpus.
• A signifi cant gap exists between demand based on population growth and the current trajectory of yield; this is a point of leverage for genomics. • Although traditional breeding methods have been effective in selecting for animals with easy-to-measure production traits, these methods have essentially “hit an asymptote,” and more diffi cult-to-measure (and often more important) traits cannot effectively be selected for using traditional methods. • The race to sequence the fi rst human genome, and, subsequently, the race to enable routine resequencing of tens, if not hundreds of thousands, of additional human genomes, has resulted in a 100 million fold decrease in DNA sequencing prices since 1990. Animal genome sequencing has benefi tted from this. • Sequencing and resequencing of economically important livestock species has resulted in the discovery of millions upon millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms. These single nucleotide polymorphisms are being deployed in massively parallel fashion on DNA microarrays, enabling genome-wide association studies to identify genotype-phenotype correlations for both simple and, more important, complex traits. • Driven by ever-increasing reductions in the cost of measuring genetic variation, we are entering a new era in which the information from these genome-wide association studies will be utilized effectively in routine testing using genomic selection. Genomic selection holds promise for more widespread adoption than marker-assisted selection because it lacks the requirement of prior knowledge of alleles or marker positions of loci and the requirement that marker-assisted selection must be implemented within families. population will reach 9 billion people by 2030. Meeting the growing food need using fewer resources is therefore one of the greatest challenges that contemporary agriculture is facing. Recent estimations by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2006) indicate that to meet the increasing demand, food production must double in the next 50 years. Expressed another way, agriculture will have to produce more food than in the last 10,000 years combined. When the year 2000 is used as a base, projections indicate an increase in global meat consumption of 68% and in global milk consumption of 57% by 2030 (Steinfeld and Gerber, 2010). The greater demand for food based on animal proteins together with the potential effects of climate change and water, nutrient, and energy scarcity will result in large productivity gaps. It is therefore critical to apply technical and scientifi c advancements systematically in feeding, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health control, and general improvement of animal husbandry to fi ll the coming productivity gaps. The largest gains will come from innovations that accelerate agriculture productivity while reducing costs and limiting environmental impacts (Capper, 2011).
Subfields: Genetics, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/185571c02b9e9e39158faa9b8f2561469fa394b4
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In Genetics
In Plant Science
Citations in the corpus
- Genomic selection in forest tree breeding: the concept and an outlook to the future (2014, background): “The price to sequence a single nucleotide of DNA has fallen 100 million fold since 1990 (Eggen 2012).”