Effect of clay concentration on the oxygen permeability and optical properties of a modified poly(vinyl alcohol)

By J. Grunlan, A. Grigorian, Charles B. Hamilton, A. Mehrabi. 2004

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Biodegradable and Water Resistant Poly(vinyl) Alcohol (PVA)/Starch (ST)/Glycerol (GL)/Halloysite Nanotube (HNT) Nanocomposite Films for Sustainable Food Packaging (2019, background): “Apparently, nanocomposite films with higher HNT contents inevitably led to higher surface roughness due to the inclusion of highly agglomerated nanofillers resulting in increased light scattering sites (Grunlan et al., 2003), as also confirmed by other studies in plasticized PVA/ST nanocomposite fil”
Characteristic Properties of Nanoclays and Characterization of Nanoparticulates and Nanocomposites (2016, background): “Uniform dispersion of rigid impermeable nanoclays impede the diffusion of permeating molecules by forcing them to follow a tortuous path (Grunlan et al. 2004; Khaliq Majeed et al. 2015; Majeed et al. 2014; Nazarenko et al. 2007; Sanchez-Garcia et al. 2007).”