A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?

By R. Ransohoff. Nature Neuroscience, 2016

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Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023, methodology): “217 Through snRNA-seq analysis of frozen midbrain tissue from PD patients and controls, seven distinct microglia subpopulations were identi ﬁ ed based on the expression of speci ﬁ c marker genes.”
The Major Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease: Age, Sex, and Genes Modulate the Microglia Response to Aβ Plaques (2019, background): “These branching trajectories broadly match the old classification of microglia as resting (M0), proinflammatory (M1), and pro-resolution (M2) microglia, but they also indicate that microglial phenotypes are highly dynamic (Butovsky and Weiner, 2018; Friedman et al., 2018; KerenShaul et al., 2017; Mr”
Neuroinflammation as a Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019, background): “…and decrease the phosphorylation of tau in a mouse model of type II diabetes (Wyss-Coray and Mucke, 2002) and to decrease phosphorylated tau and improve motor function in a mouse model of tauopathy (hTauP301L); also, there is a report about improvement in motor function on this (Ransohoff, 2016a).”