The role of wind in passerine autumn migration between Europe and Africa

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Trans-Sahara migrants select flight altitudes to minimize energy costs rather than water loss (2009, background): “Accordingly, departure from stopover sites occurs mostly when tailwinds are prevailing (Erni et al. 2002; Schaub et al. 2004; Erni et al. 2005; for review, see Liechti (2006)).”
The role of atmospheric conditions in the seasonal dynamics of North American migration flyways (2014, background): “, 2013), and are thought to reflect strategies that maximize migration speed by adjusting to seasonally varying atmospheric conditions and stopover habitat quality or availability (Erni et al., 2005; Gauthreaux et al., 2005; Tøttrup et al., 2012; Mellone et al., 2013).”
Birds: blowin’ by the wind? (2006, background): “Erni et al. (2005) have modelled the different aspects of a whole migratory journey (departure/flight stages/stopover; fat accumulation/barrier crossing).”
Potential impacts of climatic change on the breeding and non‐breeding ranges and migration distance of European Sylvia warblers (2009, methodology): “Such an additional distance would either require an additional fuel load of about 20% of lean body mass (using the formulae given in Erni et al., 2005), or would necessitate additional stopovers, extending the time spent migrating.”