Preprogramming for mechanical translation

By R. H. Richens. 1956

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Mass-Editing Memory in a Transformer (2022, background): “The representation of world knowledge is a core problem in artificial intelligence (Richens, 1956; Minsky, 1974), classically tackled by constructing knowledge bases of real-world concepts.”
A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multi-Modal (2022, background): “Speciﬁcally, three taxonomy criteria are adopted to classify the reviewed KGR models, i.e., graph types, techniques, and scenarios.”
A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition, and Applications (2020, background): “The idea of graphical knowledge representation firstly dated back to 1956 as the concept of semantic net proposed by Richens [1], while the symbolic logic knowledge can go back to the General Problem Solver [2] in 1959.”