Have your cake and eat it too: male sand gobies show more parental care in the presence of female partners

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Theoretical foundations of parental care (2012, background): “Empirical work in the sand goby found that males increase the level of care they provide in the presence of females relative to the case in which females are absent (Pampoulie et al. 2004) and females exhibit a preference for males that provide more care (Lindström et al.”
Insights for Behavioral Ecology from Behavioral Syndromes. (2008, background): “An alternative view, however, is that a positive relationship between ornament size and parental behavior could be adaptive if females use a male’s ornament as an indicator of his future behavior as a parent (‘‘the goodparent’’ hypothesis) (Pampoulie et al., 2004).”
Sexual selection for male parental care in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus (2006, background): “Male care manipulation I: nest size Nest building and egg fanning have been previously shown to vary with nest size in the sand goby (Pampoulie et al. 2004); males in smaller nests show reduced levels of these parental behavior, as well as courtship.”