Oligodendrocyte progenitors balance growth with self-repulsion to achieve homeostasis in the adult brain
By Ethan G. Hughes, Shin H. Kang, M. Fukaya, D. Bergles. Nature Neuroscience, 2013
739 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The adult CNS contains an abundant population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+ cells) that generate oligodendrocytes and repair myelin, but how these ubiquitous progenitors maintain their density is unknown. We generated NG2-mEGFP mice and used in vivo two-photon imaging to study their dynamics in the adult brain. Time-lapse imaging revealed that NG2+ cells in the cortex were highly dynamic; they surveyed their local environment with motile filopodia, extended growth cones and continuously migrated. They maintained unique territories though self-avoidance, and NG2+ cell loss though death, differentiation or ablation triggered rapid migration and proliferation of adjacent cells to restore their density. NG2+ cells recruited to sites of focal CNS injury were similarly replaced by a proliferative burst surrounding the injury site. Thus, homeostatic control of NG2+ cell density through a balance of active growth and self-repulsion ensures that these progenitors are available to replace oligodendrocytes and participate in tissue repair.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1602b1da9cd72c7e172b4b69e02acb6018f5a740
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Citations in the corpus
- Oligodendrocytes: Myelination and Axonal Support. (2015, background): “In vivo time-lapse imaging in transgenic zebrafish and mice show that OPCs continuously extend and retract numerous processes as they migrate and settle into their final positions (Kirby et al. 2006; Hughes et al. 2013).”
- Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms (2020, background): “, thrombin and albumin), immunoglobulins, and pathogen-associated molecules [43].”
- Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Models and Acute Injury Mechanisms (2019, background): “In a mature glial scar, activated microglia/macrophages occupy the innermost portion closer to the injury epicenter surrounded by NG2 + OPCs (Figure 3 ) (267) , while reactive astrocytes reside in the injury penumbra and form a cellular barrier (267) .”
- Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain (2014, background): “decision to differentiate by a neighboring OPC (24).”
- Reactive gliosis and the multicellular response to CNS damage and disease (2014, neutral): “tion toward injury and cell proliferation (Franklin and FfrenchConstant, 2008; Hughes et al., 2013).”