Planting Date, Hybrid Maturity, and Weather Effects on Maize Yield and Crop Stage
By Mitch Baum, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, M. Licht. Agronomy Journal, 2019
114 citations recorded by the source corpus.
303 Planting date and hybrid maturity are two major strategies used worldwide for crop adaptation and mitigation to manage for unfavorable growing conditions. Planting date (PD) and hybrid relative maturity (RM) decisions set the yield potential of maize in each environment. Together with the prevailing weather, these two factors control the length of the growing season in which the crop accumulates radiation that is positively correlated with grain yield (Lindquist et al., 2005). For field crops it is accepted that early planting with a full-season RM has greater yield potential than a late planting with a short-season RM (Richards, 1996), because the larger length of the growing season allows for greater use of resources such as radiation, water, and nutrients by the crop (Andrade et al., 2000; Tsimba et al., 2013a; Parker et al., 2016). However, yield is particularly sensitive to growth and partitioning during critical periods (Andrade et al., 2000; Vega et al., 2001), an early PD and full-season hybrid does not guarantee a high grain yield because other factors such as drought, heat, and nutrient stresses can reduce grain yield during the season (Edmeades et al., 2000). According to the literature, the optimum planting window for maize in the US Corn Belt was determined to be the last week of April (Nafziger, 1994). Within each state, there are different optimum planting window recommendations, depending on location (Sindelar et al., 2010; Abendroth et al., 2017). When maize is planted prior to or later than this optimum window, a yield decline can be observed (Zhou et al., 2016). The optimum timeframe for maize establishment usually refers to the mean weather conditions and does not apply every year. The reality is that year-to-year weather variability and poor soil conditions in the spring forces farmers to frequently plant outside the optimum window. Very early planting increases the probability of poor planting conditions due to cold, wet soils, resulting in a negative impact on plant emergence (Parker et al., 2016). For that reason, replanting maize is a practice that increases the operation cost (Benson, 1990). On the other hand, very late planting is associated with reduction in growing season length and accumulation of radiation (Nielsen et al., 2002). In the US Corn Belt, farmers typically select the hybrids to use several months before the planting season. They make decisions based on university extension or seed company recommendations for average weather years that are usually limited Planting Date, Hybrid Maturity, and Weather Effects on Maize Yield and Crop Stage
Subfields: Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant Science
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Citations in the corpus
- A CNN-RNN Framework for Crop Yield Prediction (2019, background): “In terms of planting dates, corn yield prediction was least sensitive around April 20th to May 15th, a period that is regarded as the optimum planting date for corn in the Corn Belt region (Baum et al., 2018).”