Inferring Causality from Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Cognitive Neuroscience

By Til Ole Bergmann, Gesa Hartwigsen. 2020

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In Cognitive Neuroscience

Citations in the corpus

Radical flexibility of neural representation in frontoparietal cortex and the challenge of linking it to behaviour (2024, background): “These initial results do not fully close the causal-explanatory loop [78], but they align well with the view that codes in frontoparietal cortex support key aspects of flexible cognition.”
A guide for concurrent TMS-fMRI to investigate functional brain networks (2022, background): “Whereas behavioral studies that use TMS can provide valuable causal evidence about the consequences of stimulation on cognition (PascualLeone et al., 1992; Pitcher et al., 2007; Polanía et al., 2018; Riddle et al., 2019, 2020a; Bergmann and Hartwigsen, 2021), they cannot characterize the effect of s”
Tuning out emotional distractors by tuning in theta rhythm: improving visual working memory using transcranial magnetic stimulation (2026, unknown): “Using a control frequency would show that the effect is specific to theta-band improvement (Bergmann and Hartwigsen 2021).”
The Role of Fronto‐Central Theta Oscillations in Inter‐Sensory Selective Attention (2025, unknown): “…alternative current stimulation (tACS) have the potential to specifically modulate neuronal oscillations at desired frequencies and could therefore be pertinent to explore the causal contribution of non- phase-locked rhythms in selective attention mechanisms (Bergmann and Hartwigsen 2021).”
Quantifying and reporting the precision of transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting. (2024, unknown): “…(i.e., subject-specific, based on behavioral, functional, and/or physiological localizers) have been shown to yield more robust and reliable effects relative to using generalized group or meta -analysis data for target determination (Sparing, 2008; Bergmann and Hartwigsen, 2021; Sack, 2009).”
Closing the loop between brain and electrical stimulation: towards precision neuromodulation treatments (2023, background): “…or cognitive outcomes have been described. e. Clinical outcome: It is expected that the target engagement measure directly or indirectly (mediated by behavioral/ cognitive outcomes in a complex chain of causation as suggested by [190]) contributes to clinical outcomes, such as abstinence.”