Activated Interstitial Myofibroblasts Express Catabolic Enzymes and Mediate Matrix Remodeling in Myxomatous Heart Valves

By E. Rabkin, M. Aikawa, J. R. Stone, Y. Fukumoto, Peter Libby, F. Schoen. Circulation, 2001

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The emerging role of valve interstitial cell phenotypes in regulating heart valve pathobiology. (2007, background): “aVICs in mitral valve prolapse express excessive levels of catabolic enzymes.(68) Clinical disorders associated with increased serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, such as carcinoid syndrome, and the use of serotonin agonists, such as fenfluramine, have been associated with hyperplastic valv”
Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in the adult (2011, background): “Although considered to be a degenerative valvular disease, mitral valve prolapse differs from AS by macroscopic and histological features, which further illustrates the heterogeneity of degenerative etiologies of valvular diseases”
Engineering Complex Tissues (2006, positive): “Moreover, VIC in mitral valve leaflets from patients with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration also express features of myofibroblasts, suggesting that this disease comprises a nonequilibrium state, consistent with the progressive course of this condition in many patients.(167) ENGINEERING COMPLEX T”