Ion-Enrichment and Ion-Depletion Effect of Nanochannel Structures

By Q. Pu, J. Yun, H. Temkin, Shaorong Liu. 2004

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Principles and applications of nanofluidic transport. (2009, background): “Micromachining techniques have made it easy to manufacture systems in which nanochannels are interfaced to microchannels, and the entrance and exit effects (such as concentration polarization) at the ends of the nanochannels in these devices can be exploited in applications such as ion enrichment an”
Nanoscale Electrokinetics and Microvortices: How Microhydrodynamics Affects Nanofluidic Ion Flux (2012, background): “This is clearly impossible, and Rubinstein & Shtilman (1979) first postulated that this potential singularity must be smoothed by an extended polarized region that matches the electroneutral fundamental solution of the diffusion equation.”
Electroosmotic pumps and their applications in microfluidic systems (2009, background): “The current drop was likely caused by the “ionenrichment and ion-depletion” effect as ionic species pass through nanometer-scale channels (Pu et al. 2004).”
Direct seawater desalination by ion concentration polarization. (2010, background): “Once ICP is triggered near the cation exchange membrane, the concentrations of both cations and anions decrease on the anodic side of the junction (ion depletion) and increase on the cathodic side (ion enrichment”