Separating natural and epistemic uncertainty in flood frequency analysis

By B. Merz, A. Thieken. 2005

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Bayesian flood frequency analysis in the light of model and parameter uncertainties (2012, background): “In addition, Merz and Thieken (2005) gave a different classification: natural and epistemic uncertainty.”
Fuzzy probabilistic design of water distribution networks (2011, background): “It has been recognized that the two types of uncertainty are fundamentally different from each other, and thus many efforts have been made for a separate but simultaneous representation of the two types of uncertainty in a unified uncertainty analysis framework [ Merz and Thieken, 2005; Hall et al.”
Review article: assessing the costs of natural hazards - state of the art and knowledge gaps (2013, methodology): “In this article, we refer mainly to “epistemic uncer-tainty” as used by Merz and Thieken (2005, 2009): whereas natural (or aleatory) uncertainty stems from the variability of the underlying stochastic process, epistemic uncertainty results from incomplete knowledge about the process under study,…”