INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KEPLER SHORT CADENCE DATA

By R. Gilliland, Jon M. Jenkins, William J. Borucki, S. Bryson, Douglas A. Caldwell, B. Clarke, J. Dotson, M. Haas, J. Hall, T. Klaus and 5 more. 2009

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The Kepler Mission offers two options for observations—either long cadence (LC) used for the bulk of core mission science, or short cadence (SC) which is used for applications such as asteroseismology of solar-like stars and transit timing measurements of exoplanets where the 1 minute sampling is critical. We discuss the characteristics of SC data obtained in the 33.5 day long Quarter 1 observations with Kepler which completed on 2009 June 15. The truly excellent time series precisions are nearly Poisson limited at 11th magnitude providing per-point measurement errors of 200 parts-per-million per minute. For extremely saturated stars near seventh magnitude precisions of 40 ppm are reached, while for background limited measurements at 17th magnitude precisions of 7 mmag are maintained. We note the presence of two additive artifacts, one that generates regularly spaced peaks in frequency, and one that involves additive offsets in the time domain inversely proportional to stellar brightness. The difference between LC and SC sampling is illustrated for transit observations of TrES-2.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1403c07c28d781b8ac134c8a519ca96a7f80a30f

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Citations in the corpus

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (2014, background): “The Kepler mission demonstrated that photon-noise–limited photometry can be obtained for stars 4 mag brighter than the single-pixel saturation limit.(21) Since similar performance is expected for TESS, the bright limit is expected to be IC ≈ 4 or perhaps even brighter.”
Rotation and magnetism of Kepler pulsating solar-like stars : Towards asteroseismically calibrated age-rotation relations (2014, unknown): “This was done primarily to obtain a more precise timing of planetary transits (Gilliland et al. 2010).”
White Dwarf Rotation as a Function of Mass and a Dichotomy of Mode Line Widths: Kepler Observations of 27 Pulsating DA White Dwarfs through K2 Campaign 8 (2017, methodology): “We fit for and removed all instrumental artifacts arising from the long-cadence sampling rate, at integer multiples of roughly 566.48μHz (Gilliland et al. 2010).”
The California-Kepler Survey. I. High-resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets (2017, methodology): “…et al. 2010; Haas et al. 2010), as well as the software engineering that transformed CCD pixel values into planet candidates (Jenkins et al. 2010; Gilliland et al. 2010; Stumpe et al. 2012; Smith et al. 2012, 2016; Batalha et al. 2010a,b; Torres et al. 2011; Bryson et al. 2013; Christiansen et…”
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. II. ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF DATA (2011, background): “See Gilliland et al. (2010) for a discussion of the SC data.”
Determining stellar macroturbulence using asteroseismic rotational velocities from Kepler (2014, methodology): “We used Kepler short-cadence observations (Gilliland et al. 2010) taken from Q5 - Q11 which were generated using simple aperture photometry (Jenkins et al. 2010) corrected for instrumental effects following the methods described by Garćıa et al. (2011).”
Statistical properties of superflares on solar-type stars based on 1-min cadence data (2015, methodology): “We searched for flares (sudden brightenings of the star) from the short-cadence data (approximately 1-min interval) observed with the Kepler space telescope between April 2009 (quarter 0: Q0) and May 2013 (Q17) (Gilliland et al. 2010; Koch et al. 2010).”
Asteroseismology of 16,000 Kepler Red Giants: Global Oscillation Parameters, Masses, and Radii (2018, background): “Solar-like oscillations with νmax greater than the long-cadence Nyquist frequency are generally detected with short-cadence data (Gilliland et al. 2010).”
LOW FALSE POSITIVE RATE OF KEPLER CANDIDATES ESTIMATED FROM A COMBINATION OF SPITZER AND FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS (2015, background): “…California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 12 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02159, USA tary candidates signals through continuous photometric monitoring of about 160 000 stars at high photometric precision (e.g., Borucki et al. 2010a,b; Koch et al. 2010; Gilliland et al. 2010a).”
AN ANCIENT EXTRASOLAR SYSTEM WITH FIVE SUB-EARTH-SIZE PLANETS (2015, background): “The higher-frequency hump peaks at a frequency close to the seventh harmonic of the inverse of the long-cadence period (Gilliland et al. 2010a).”
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS CONFIRM AND RESCUE THE HABITABLE-ZONE SUPER-EARTH K2-18b FOR FUTURE CHARACTERIZATION (2016, methodology): “The individual images have a cadence of 29.4 minutes and were obtained by co-adding 270 exposures (each 6.02 seconds plus 0.52 seconds readout) onboard the Kepler spacecraft (Gilliland et al. 2010).”