Tumor target prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and its regulation in prostate cancer

By A. Ghosh, W. Heston. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2004

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68Ga-PSMA PET/CT: Joint EANM and SNMMI procedure guideline for prostate cancer imaging: version 1.0 (2017, background): “Immunohistochemical studies have shown that PSMA expression increases in case of de-differentiated, metastatic, or hormone-refractory disease [4] and its expression level is a significant prognosticator for disease outcome [5].”
Electrochemical Immunosensors for Detection of Cancer Protein Biomarkers (2012, background): “lung, ovary, bladder, and intestinal tract cancers.(9,10) Interleukin-6 is amultifunctional”
German Multicenter Study Investigating 177Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients (2017, background): “Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and even more so with increasing de-differentiation or castration-resistant disease (3).”
PET imaging with a [68Ga]gallium-labelled PSMA ligand for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: biodistribution in humans and first evaluation of tumour lesions (2013, background): “Its enzyme activity allows for development of specific inhibitors and their internalization after ligand binding [3].”
Evaluation of Hybrid 68Ga-PSMA Ligand PET/CT in 248 Patients with Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy (2015, background): “The localization of the catalytic site of PSMA in the extracellular domain allows the development of small specific inhibitors that are internalized after ligand binding (14).”