Risk Assessment Instruments Validated and Implemented in Correctional Settings in the United States

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Interventions over Predictions: Reframing the Ethical Debate for Actuarial Risk Assessment (2017, background): “by others, and is frequently broken down into four generations of tools [3, 17, 36, 39, 53].”
It's COMPASlicated: The Messy Relationship between RAI Datasets and Algorithmic Fairness Benchmarks (2021, methodology): “RAIs have been used in CJ and 285 health care contexts for decades by psychologists, psychiatrists, and others [88, 89, 90].”
Can we avoid reductionism in risk reduction? (2017, background): “…assessment framework in our analysis: it alone is employed by roughly 900 corrections agencies in North America (Lowenkamp et al., 2009) and shares much in common with the 19 other risk assessment instruments validated in US corrections settings (Desmarais and Singh, 2013; Desmarais et al., 2016).”
The Principles and Limits of Algorithm-in-the-Loop Decision Making (2019, methodology): “According to a recent meta-analysis of risk assessments, our model has “Good” predictive validity [20].”