The invasive shrub European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, L.) alters soil properties in Midwestern U.S. woodlands

By L. Heneghan, F. Fatemi, Lauren G. Umek, K. Grady, Kristen Fagen, Margaret Workman. 2006

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Soil recovery after removal of the N2-fixing invasive Acacia longifolia: consequences for ecosystem restoration (2009, background): “This ‘‘legacy effect’’ has been referred to in the literature (Corbin and D’Antonio 2004; D’Antonio and Meyerson 2002; Hawkes et al. 2005; Heneghan et al. 2006), and is considered an important factor for invasion success (Blumenthal 2005; Davis and Pelsor 2001) which may hamper restoration of native”
Invasion of Solidago gigantea in contrasting experimental plant communities: effects on soil microbes, nutrients and plant–soil feedbacks (2010, background): “…expansion is a strategy described for many invasive plants (Thompson, Hodgson & Rich 1995; Küster et al. 2008) and increases in soil organic carbon have often been observed in response to plant invasions (Scott, Saggar & Mc Intosh 2001, Fickbohm& Zhu 2006, Heneghan et al. 2006, Vila et al. 2006).”
Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review (2007, background): “This legacy effect could have implications for restoration efforts for cleared sites (Heneghan et al. 2004), although species effects on biogeochemistry may be short-lived once composition changes (Dijkstra et al. 2006; Heneghan et al. 2006).”