Where Is That Moon, Anyway? The Problem of Interpreting Historical Solar Eclipse Observations

By L. Gitelman. 2013

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Between Subjectivity and Imposition (2020, background): “ty [61] informed by power asymmetries [5] means understanding both data and power relationally. Data exists as such through human intervention [61] because, as we have seen, “raw data is an oxymoron” [42]. Similarly, Bourdieu [10] o‡ers a relational view of power as enacted in the interaction among ”
Problem Formulation and Fairness (2019, methodology): “measurement, clean and process data, construct working models, and interpret quantified results [4,5,19,32,34–36].”
ORES (2019, background): “s for auditing and criticism. Extensive literature has discussed problems in taking found trace data from prior decisions as ground truth, particularly in institutions with histories of systemic bias [11, 42]. This has long been our concern with the standard approach in ML for content moderation in ”
Gender Bias in Machine Translation (2021, background): “Treating data as an abstract, monolithic entity (Gitelman, 2013)—or relying on ‘‘overly broad/overloaded terms like training data bias’’8 (Suresh and Guttag, 2019)—do not encourage reasoning on the many factors of which data are the product: first and foremost, the historical, socio-cultural…”