Determinants of expansion forPhragmites australis, common reed, in natural and impacted coastal marshes

By D. Burdick, Raymond A. Konisky. 2003

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Salt tolerance underlies the cryptic invasion of North American salt marshes by an introduced haplotype of the common reed Phragmites australis (Poaceae) (2005, background): “Although this species is native to North America, it is only within the past 30 yr that it has become invasive in Atlantic coastal salt marshes (Chambers et al. 2003, Havens et al. 2003, Lathrop et al. 2003, Weinstein et al. 2003, Weis & Weis 2003).”
Human Facilitation of Phragmites australis Invasions in Tidal Marshes: A Review and Synthesis (2006, background): “Finally, it is possible that offsite human activities, such as human alterations to surrounding uplands (Burdick et al. 2001; Bertness et al. 2002) atmospheric enrichment of nitrogen and CO2, and altered climate may also enhance invasions (Minchington 2002; Burdick and Konisky 2003).”
Mechanisms of exclusion of native coastal marsh plants by an invasive grass (2006, background): “P H R A G M I T E S The field experiments of Minchinton & Bertness (2003) have documented that Phragmites can out-compete the dominant grasses and rushes comprising the marsh turf in only a couple of years (see also Burdick & Konisky 2003).”