Categorizing a prognostic variable: review of methods, code for easy implementation and applications to decision-making about cancer treatments.

By Madhu Mazumdar, J. Glassman. Statistics in Medicine, 2000

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PrognoScan: a new database for meta-analysis of the prognostic value of genes (2009, methodology): “This exploratory approach, however, is known to cause inflation of a type I error because it conducts multiple correlated testing [36-38].”
Signaling pathway models as biomarkers: Patient-specific simulations of JNK activity predict the survival of neuroblastoma patients (2015, methodology): “To identify the optimal cut-off values that best correlate or anticorrelate with survival for each output descriptor, we applied Kaplan-Meier scanning (42) to the training cohort (fig.”
Cutoff Finder: A Comprehensive and Straightforward Web Application Enabling Rapid Biomarker Cutoff Optimization (2012, background): “In order to translate a continuous or ordinal diagnostic variable into a clinical decision, it is necessary to determine a cutoff point and to stratify patients into distinct groups each requiring a different kind of treatment [5].”
OptimalCutpoints: An R Package for Selecting Optimal Cutpoints in Diagnostic Tests (2014, methodology): “…cutpoint) -except for a proportion of the extreme values-with the point for which the maximum χ 2 or, equivalently, the corresponding minimum p value is obtained, being selected as the optimal value (Miller and Siegmund 1982; Mazumdar and Glassman 2000) ( "MinPvalue" method in OptimalCutpoints ).”