Low density thermoplastic nanofoams nucleated by nanoparticles

By Stephane Costeux, Lingbo Zhu. 2013

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Nanoporous polymeric materials: A new class of materials with enhanced properties (2016, background): “However, although there are patents [113,114] and articles [20,62,115] in which it is proposed to take advantage of this expected reduction in the thermal conductivity, to date there is only one experimental validation of this effect because of the technical difficulties associated with the producti”
Past and present developments in polymer bead foams and bead foaming technology (2015, background): “For very small cells with a cell diameter in the same order of magnitude as the free path length of an air molecule, the Knudsen-effect becomes important and the thermal conductivity of the cell gas is reduced drastically [105].”
Heat transfer in microcellular polystyrene/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite foams (2015, background): “To achieve superthermal insulation, both a small cell size and a large expansion ratio are the prerequisites, but it is extremely difficult to produce nanocellular foams with a large expansion ratio of over 10 with the current state-of-the-art foam technology due to the high chance of cell opening t”