Patronage and Political Stability in Africa

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Making Bureaucracy Work: Patronage Networks, Performance Incentives, and Economic Development in China (2018, background): “All errors are my own. and it continues to influence the operation of governments in many modern societies, shaping the patterns of elite selection and the direction of public policies (Arriola 2009; Gallo and Lewis 2012; Geddes 1994; Nathan 1973; Willerton 1992).”
Political Order and One-Party Rule (2010, background): “Arriola (2009) shows, for example, that African leaders more often seek to co-opt the opposition by offering access to the cabinet, which provides them with more direct control over state resources.”
Climate variability, food production shocks, and violent conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015, background): “…and authoritarian rule founded on narrow patronage coalitions—common features among many African regimes—foster public disloyalty and lack of trust in political institutions and may provide the breeding ground within which any of these social outcomes can play out (Le Billon 2003, Arriola 2009).”
Segregation, Ethnic Favoritism, and the Strategic Targeting of Local Public Goods (2018, background): “African presidents allocate cabinet positions to elites from different ethnic groups in exchange for regime support or the delivery of ethnic voting blocs (Arriola, 2009).”