Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses.

By A. Heggenstaller, K. Moore, M. Liebman, R. Anex. 2009

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Root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and soil water content under perennial grasses with different nitrogen rates (2017, methodology): “Several researchers (Vogel et al., 2002; Heggenstaller et al., 2009) reported that maximum switchgrass shoot biomass yield reached at 120–140 kg N ha−1 in Iowa and Nebraska, which had 2.5 and 2.2 times, respectively, more annual precipitation than in eastern Montana.”
Intermediate wheatgrass grain and forage yield responses to nitrogen fertilization (2017, background): “Other studies have estimated AONRs for switchgrass ranging from 49 to 168 kg N ha–1 in Illinois (Anderson et al., 2013) and 140 kg N ha–1 in Iowa (Heggenstaller et al., 2009), which is in the range of our AONR estimates during the first year of N fertilization.”