Basic principles of thermal dosimetry and thermal thresholds for tissue damage from hyperthermia

By Mark W. Dewhirst, B. L. Viglianti, M. Lora-Michiels, M. Hanson, P. Hoopes. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2003

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MR thermometry (2008, background): “The thermal dose required for total necrosis ranges from 25 to 240 minutes at 43°C for biological tissues (4).”
Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). (2020, background): “…body of literature assessing thresholds for tissue damage which shows that damage can occur at tissue temperatures >41–43°C, with damage likelihood and severity increasing as a function of time at such temperatures (e.g., Dewhirst et al. 2003; Yarmolenko et al. 2011; Van Rhoon et al. 2013).”
High intensity focused ultrasound: Physical principles and devices (2007, background): “It is known that 55 C held for this time will lead to coagulative necrosis and immediate cell death [1, 2].”
Thresholds for thermal damage to normal tissues: An update (2011, neutral): “The objective of this review is to compile and analyse thermal tissue damage data that has become available since the last review on this subject was published in International Journal of Hyperthermia in 2003 [1].”