The economic burden of COPD.

By David H. Au, S. Sullivan. Chest, 2000

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Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations. (2006, background): “The estimated annual costs of COPD are $24 billion, and 70% are related to exacerbations requiring hospitalization ( 2 ).”
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. (2007, background): “As a major public health problem, COPD is the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with direct and indirect medical costs up to $24 billion in 1993 ( 2 ).”
A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2002, background): “Alteration in COPD exacerbation frequency may be one of the most important health outcomes, as it significantly impacts upon the patient9s quality of life [24] and is a major contributor to healthcare utilization [25].”
Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis (2006, background): “In addition to generating high healthcare costs [ 2 ], COPD imposes a significant burden in terms of disability and impaired quality of life [3].”