H5N1 Virus Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract

By D. van Riel, V. Munster, E. de Wit, G. Rimmelzwaan, R. Fouchier, A. Osterhaus, T. Kuiken. Science, 2006

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Influenza A viruses: new research developments (2011, background): “, which is found abundantly on epithelial cells in the intestine of birds and in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of human”
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2 (2020, methodology): “Virus attachment study Attachment of SARS-CoV-2 virus to lung tissues of ferrets were tested as described previously with H5N1 influenza virus (35), with slight modification.”
Antiviral agents active against influenza A viruses (2006, background): “The avian influenza (H5N1) virus might cause severe lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease in humans because it attaches predominantly to type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages and non-ciliated bronchiolar cells of the human LRT 28 .”
Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury (2008, result): “In line with a previous study (van Riel et al., 2006), we observed influenza A virus nuclear protein-positive cells in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) in mice treated with inactivated H5N1 virus (Figure 5C).”