Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa.

By N. Gandhi, A. Moll, A. Sturm, R. Pawinski, T. Govender, U. Lalloo, K. Zeller, J. Andrews, G. Friedland. The Lancet, 2006

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Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children (2017, background): “The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis has become apparent over the past 2 decades, and in particular, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB; resistant to isoniazid and rifampin) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB; resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolo”
HIV infection-associated tuberculosis: the epidemiology and the response. (2010, neutral): “[32, 33].”
HIV and Tuberculosis: a Deadly Human Syndemic (2011, background): “The use of NVP with rifampin was associated with higher rates of virologic failure starting at 6 months after the initiation of treatment in a South African prospective cohort study (29).”
ARDB—Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (2008, neutral): “Similar challenges are posed by the emergence of multidrug- and extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB, respectively) (5,6).”
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. (2015, background): “This was best illustrated by the rapid and deadly spread of XDR-TB among HIV-positive patients in South Africa (Gandhi et al. 2006).”