Calcined clay limestone cements (LC3)

By Karen L. Scrivener, F. Martirena, Shashank Bishnoi, S. Maity. Cement and Concrete Research, 2017

1,417 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace part of the clinker in cement is the most successful strategy to reduce CO2 emissions in the global cement industry. However, limited supplies of conventional SCMs make it difficult to take this strategy further unless new types of SCMs become available. The only type of material available in the quantities needed to meet demand is clay containing kaolinite, which can be calcined to produce an effective SCM. Such clays are widely available in countries where most growth in demand for cement is forecast. Calcined clays have previously been used as pozzolans, but calcination makes the economics of substitution marginal in a conventional pozzolanic blend. The major innovation presented here is the possibility to make a coupled substitution of cement with calcined clay and limestone. This allows much higher levels of substitution. Blends where calcined clay is used as a pozzolan, typically have clinker contents around 65–70%. Combination of calcined clay with limestone allows higher levels of substitution down to clinker contents of around 50% with similar mechanical properties and improvement in some aspects of durability. The replacement of clinker with limestone in these blends lowers both the cost and the environmental impact.

Subfields: Building and Construction, Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ef7eaf1c6ed1a14bc5ffe9aeeee6e0ee0ce0a79

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Building and Construction

1. Duo Zhang
2. Hao-liang Wu
3. He-hua Zhu
4. S. A. Bernal
5. Tianyu Wang
6. B. Jaworska
7. M. Juenger
8. Erik Schlangen

In Civil and Structural Engineering

1. Hao-liang Wu
2. Duo Zhang
3. S. A. Bernal
4. He-hua Zhu
5. Victor C. Li
6. Tianyu Wang
7. O. Çopuroğlu
8. Erik Schlangen

In Materials Chemistry

1. S. A. Bernal
2. M. Juenger
3. Hao-liang Wu
4. A. Naqi
5. Victor C. Li
6. J. Jang
7. Duo Zhang
8. M. Paris

Citations in the corpus

• Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) (2020, background): “, metakaolin, which leads to the development of the limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) [8,9].”
• Effect of printing parameters on interlayer bond strength of 3D printed limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials: An experimental and numerical study (2020, background): “However, as mentioned by Scrivener [14], the main problem of using common SCMs, including fly ash, slag, and silica fume, is the limited supplies.”
• Calcined clay – Limestone cements: Hydration processes with high and low-grade kaolinite clays (2021, background): “Ternary binders have also been developed for most SCMs as a combination of cement, SCM and limestone filler ([4], [5], [8], [11], [12]).”
• Improving printability of limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials by using viscosity-modifying admixture (2020, background): “3 kg of CO2 per kg of calcined clay) [18,19]; (2) worldwide abundance [18,20,21]; (3) comparable early-age strength [13,22,23]; (4) capillary porosity refinement due to the pozzolanic reaction [20,21,24,25]; (5) lower cost [19,26].”
• Mechanical and self-healing behavior of low carbon engineered cementitious composites reinforced with PP-fibers (2020, background): “Though LC3 cement (comprising 55%OPC, 30%MK, 30%LS) has lower OPC cement, the pozzolanic effect of MK contributes to the strength increase by reacting with the calcium hydroxide (CH) [14,45] produced by OPC hydration [46].”