Outsourcing Economics: List of Figures

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Toward a Dynamic Theory of Global Production Networks (2015, background): “From being a relatively obscure consideration in the early GCC literature during the 1990s, financial discipline has come to the forefront of accounting for the evolutionary dynamics of these actors and networks in the 2010s (Gibbon 2002; Milberg 2008; Milberg and Winkler 2013).”
Outsourcing governance: states and the politics of a ‘global value chain world’ (2017, background): “In the lower tiers of production, it rests on creating densely populated and intensely competitive markets (Milberg and Winkler 2013: 123–4).”
Industrial Policy in the 21st Century (2020, background): “…costs, more interconnectedness via ICTs), cost-reduction opportunities associated with offshoring of labour-intensive manufacturing processes, and the increasing openness to trade and investments (Gerefﬁ, 2014, 2018; Milberg and Winkler, 2013; Nolan, 2001; Ponte et al., 2019; Storm, 2015).”
Beyond the Stereotype: Restating the Relevance of the Dependency Research Programme (2020, background): “…international division of labour has emerged, characterized by the restructuring of global production networks, which has allowed many developing economies to move into manufacturing through participation in far-flung global value chains (Arrighi et al., 2003; ILO, 2015; Milberg and Winkler, 2013).”