The rural non-farm economy: prospects for growth and poverty reduction

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Agricultural labour productivity, food prices and sustainable development impacts and indicators (2013, background): “…and improvement – agricultural labour productivity may be underestimated in low income countries, for example, where rural people may be classiﬁed as agricultural workers but obtain substantial proportions of their incomes from non-farm activities (Haggblade et al., 2010; Reardon, 1998).”
Dynamics of off-farm employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A gender perspective (2018, background): “Men and women enter off-farm employment either out of necessity (push factors) or opportunity (pull factors) (Haggblade et al., 2010).”
Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (2015, background): “Additionally, the increasing share of nonfarm activities in the household income in most of the study sites illustrates how households are trying to improve their resilience and adaptability (Reardon et al., 2000; Haggblade et al., 2010).”
Livelihood adaptations to climate variability: insights from farming households in Ghana (2014, background): “Although non-farm livelihood activities could improve the rural economy, when supported with viable markets, Haggblade et al. (2010) argued that the link between non-farm livelihood activities and poverty reduction is complex and requires conscious efforts from policy makers in making sure that…”