Turbulent heat transfer and friction factor of Al2O3 Nanofluid in circular tube with twisted tape inserts

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Combination of nanofluid and inserts for heat transfer enhancement (2018, background): “Buschmann [81] concluded that performing the experiment for nanofluid laminar flow in an inserted tube Table 4 Research on the combination of twisted tapes inserts and nanofluid References Type of research Type of nanofluid Solid volume fraction Particle diameter Reynolds number Type of modelling Sh”
Comparison of convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of TiO2 nanofluid flow in a tube with twisted tape inserts (2014, background): “Modification of flowdynamics with the insertion of twisted tape in a tube for flow of nanofluid in the transition range of Reynolds number was undertaken by Sharma et al. [13].”
Enhancement of heat transfer using CuO/water nanofluid and twisted tape with alternate axis☆ (2011, methodology): “Recently, nanofluids were used simultaneously with other heat transfer enhancing devices [1,9,10].”