Excitons versus free charges in organo-lead tri-halide perovskites

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Direct measurement of the exciton binding energy and effective masses for charge carriers in organic–inorganic tri-halide perovskites (2015, background): “the temperature increases. This is because the perovskite band gap increases 13 with increasing temperature, causing the interband magneto-optical transitions at a fixed energy to shift towards lower [11] magnetic field values. Above 140K there is a sudden rapid shift upwards of the resonance fields”
Photoelectronic Responses in Solution-Processed Perovskite CH$_{\bf 3}$ NH$_{\bf 3}$PbI $_{\bf 3}$ Solar Cells Studied by Photoluminescence and Photoabsorption Spectroscopy (2015, background): “recently reported the exciton binding energy of 50 meV that was estimated from the temperature dependence of exciton linewidth in optical absorption spectra above the phase transition temperature [18].”