A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry

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A review of wood thermal pretreatments to improve wood composite properties (2013, background): “Chen and Kuo (2010) mentioned that in torrefaction at 240 C and 1 h, the maximum hemicelluloses extraction occurred in four types of biomass: bamboo, willow, coconut shell, and wood (Ficus benjamina L.); at temperatures up to 240 C, cellulose and lignin were not affected in the types of biomass the…”
Biochar as a Multifunctional Component of the Environment—A Review (2019, unknown): “Given the long duration of the process and relatively low temperatures, this process is also called roasting or mild pyrolysis [16].”
Effect of torrefaction on physiochemical characteristics and grindability of stem wood, stump and bark (2018, background): “torrefaction of biomass has gained continuous interests in the past decade [1, 5, 6, 9, 10].”