Evidence for Planet-induced Chromospheric Activity on HD 179949

By E. Shkolnik, G. Walker, D. Bohlender. 2003

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We have detected the synchronous enhancement of Ca II H and K emission with the short-period planetary orbit in HD 179949. High-resolution spectra taken on three observing runs extending over more than a year show the enhancement coincides with ϕ ~ 0 (the sub-planetary point) of the 3.093 day orbit, with the effect persisting for more than 100 orbits. The synchronous enhancement is consistent with planet-induced chromospheric heating by magnetic rather than tidal interaction, but awaits confirmation by further observations. Independent observations are needed to determine whether the stellar rotation is synchronous with the planet's orbit. Of the five 51 Peg-type systems monitored, HD 179949 shows the greatest chromospheric H and K activity. Three others show significant nightly variations, but the lack of any phase coherence prevents us saying whether the activity is induced by the planet. Our two standards, τ Ceti and the Sun, show no such nightly variations. Revised periods and updated ephemerides for the planetary orbits are also included.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0b34c8f1a3ad091e6bfd765c344545476aa05347

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Searching for star–planet interactions within the magnetosphere of HD 189733 (2010, background): “Studying the activity of HJ hosting stars, Shkolnik et al. (2003, 2005, 2008) concluded that not all the observed systems show hints”
Magnetic energy fluxes in sub-Alfvénic planet star and moon planet interactions (2013, background): “We also look individually at HD 179949 b and compare our results with the observations by Shkolnik et al. (2003, 2005, 2008).”
Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star τ Bootis – II. A second magnetic polarity reversal (2009, background): “Observations suggest that some HJ systems undergo episodes of enhanced variability in their activity (e.g. central emission in Ca II H & K or Balmer lines) (Shkolnik et al. (2003), Shkolnik et al. (2005)) or in their mean optical brightness (Walker et al. 2008).”
The effect of tidal locking on the magnetospheric and atmospheric evolution of ``Hot Jupiters'' (2004, background): “Recently, the chromospheric activity of the planet-hosting star HD 179949 was suggested as a first tentative proof for the existence of exomagnetospheres (Shkolnik et al. 2003).”
Science with the Murchison Widefield Array (2012, background): “Observations have established that many of the Jovian planets discovered around other stars (e.g., Marcy et al. 2005) have magnetic fields (Shkolnik et al. 2003), although the field strengths are not known.”
Predicting low-frequency radio fluxes of known extrasolar planets (2007, background): “To this list, one should add the planets around Ups And (b, c and d) and of HD 179949 b, whose parent stars exhibit an increase of the chromospheric emission of about 1-2% (Shkolnik et al., 2003, 2004, 2005).”
Carbon monoxide and water vapor in the atmosphere of the non-transiting exoplanet HD 179949 b (2014, background): “By analyzing the variability of the Ca ii K and H emission, Shkolnik et al. (2003) reported evidence for the activity of HD 179949 being in phase with the planet orbit.”
THE MUSCLES TREASURY SURVEY. I. MOTIVATION AND OVERVIEW (2016, background): “…in Transition Region Emission Lines It has been suggested that stellar and exoplanetary magnetic fields can interact in exoplanetary systems (Shkolnik et al. 2003; Lanza 2008), possibly manifesting as enhanced stellar activity relative to nominal age-rotation-activity relationships for…”
Magnetic cycles of the planet-hosting star τ Bootis (2008, background): “…of the planet rather than with the rotation phase of the star, arguing that this increased activity is induced by the presence of the planet (e.g., Shkolnik et al. 2003, 2005); recent observations even suggest that these star-planet interactions could be cyclic in nature and oscillate between…”
The On/Off Nature of Star-Planet Interactions (2007, background): “In Shkolnik et al. (2003, 2005a), we reported on planet-induced chromospheric activity on two stars, HD 179949 and υ And apparent from the night-to-night modulation of the Ca II H & K chromospheric emission phased with the hot Jupiter’s orbit.”
Hot Jupiters and Hot Spots: The Short- and Long-Term Chromospheric Activity on Stars with Giant Planets (2004, background): “In Shkolnik et al. (2003) we presented the first evidence of planet-induced heating on HD 179949.”