Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States, 2005–2008
By Xinzhi Zhang, J. Saaddine, Chiu-fang Chou, M. Cotch, Yiling J. Cheng, L. Geiss, E. Gregg, Ann L. Albright, Barbara E. Klein, R. Klein. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2010
1,180 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Context The prevalence of diabetes in the United States has increased. People with diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy. No recent national population-based estimate of the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy exists. Objectives To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among US adults with diabetes aged 40 years and older. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008 (N=1006). Diabetes was defined as a self-report of a previous diagnosis of the disease (excluding gestational diabetes mellitus) or glycated hemoglobin A1c of 6.5% or greater. Two fundus photographs were taken of each eye with a digital nonmydriatic camera and were graded using the Airlie House classification scheme and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity scale. Prevalence estimates were weighted to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population aged 40 years and older. Main Outcome Measurements Diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Results The estimated prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy was 28.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.9%–32.5%) and 4.4% (95% CI, 3.5%–5.7%) among US adults with diabetes, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was slightly more prevalent among men than women with diabetes (31.6%; 95% CI, 26.8%–36.8%; vs 25.7%; 95% CI, 21.7%–30.1%; P=.04). Non-Hispanic black individuals had a higher crude prevalence than non-Hispanic white individuals of diabetic retinopathy (38.8%; 95% CI, 31.9%–46.1%; vs 26.4%; 95% CI, 21.4%–32.2%; P=.01) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (9.3%; 95% CI, 5.9%–14.4%; vs 3.2%; 95% CI, 2.0%–5.1%; P=.01). Male sex was independently associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39–3.10), as well as higher hemoglobin A1c level (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20–1.75), longer duration of diabetes (OR, 1.06 per year duration; 95% CI, 1.03–1.10), insulin use (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.99–5.26), and higher systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.03 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.02–1.03). Conclusion In a nationally representative sample of US adults with diabetes aged 40 years and older, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy was high, especially among Non-Hispanic black individuals.
Subfields: Nephrology, Ophthalmology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
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Citations in the corpus
- Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy (2012, positive): “…key points regarding the major risk factors for DR: First, we con fi rm the importance of the three major risk factors for DR d diabetes duration (17,19,28), HbA 1c (17,28 – 32), and blood pressure (17,28,33) d and suggest that they apply broadly across the mild to vision-threatening stages of DR.”
- Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs. (2016, methodology): “To understand the effect of reducing the number of grades per image, 2 experiments were run: (1) training: grades in the training set were subsampled at rates of N × 20%, in which N ranged from 0 to 5, with a restriction that the minimum number of grades to sample per image was 1.”
- Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. (2012, neutral): “S c c 5 p r e Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes,(1) is the leading cause of new cases of vision loss and blindness among workingaged adults in the United States and most developed countries.(2,3) Diabetic macular edema (DME), swelling of the central re”
- Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms (2017, background): “There are some benefits with respect to macrovascular complications, but this is dependent on the profile of individual drug classes and even appears to be different for agents within the same class.88 The role of BP lowering to improve prognosis in T2D has been established since the UK Prospective ”
- Diabetic retinopathy (2016, background): “DR Clinical Research Network Protocol I 854 Ranibizumab (+ laser) 28–30 (15) 2 (8) 24 146”