The role of defective clearance of apoptotic cells in systemic autoimmunity

By L. Munoz, K. Lauber, M. Schiller, A. Manfredi, M. Herrmann. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 2010

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A census of human RNA-binding proteins (2014, background): “There these granules mobilize the immune system to develop autoantibodies against self-RNA-protein complexes (Gaipl et al., 2005; Muñoz et al., 2010).”
Phosphatidylserine is a global immunosuppressive signal in efferocytosis, infectious disease, and cancer (2016, background): “Upon Fcγ-R clustering, vast amounts of inflammatory cytokines(47) are released leading to chronic inflammatory disease and ultimately to multiple organ damage.(40)”
Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death (2014, background): “Of note, defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells by professional phagocytes have been associated with autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic inflammation.(26,27) However, it remains unclear whether this reflects the immunogenic potential of intact apoptotic corpse”
An Apoptotic 'Eat Me' Signal: Phosphatidylserine Exposure. (2015, background): “Apoptotic cells that are not properly engulfed and cleared are thought to undergo secondary necrosis, releasing intracellular materials from the ruptured plasmamembrane and activating the immune system [27,96].”
Murine Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2011, background): “This finding has been best demonstrated for Sle1, which is reviewed in detail in [3], corresponds to at least seven independent loci.”