Increased availability of extrafloral nectar reduces herbivory in Lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus., Fabaceae)

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Indirect defence via tritrophic interactions. (2008, background): “However, while several studies investigated effects of EFNbearing plants on the ant community (Bentley, 1976; Blüthgen et al., 2000; Díaz-Castelazo et al., 2004; Oliveira & Freitas, 2004; Kost & Heil, 2005), similar work on nonant arthropods is scarce (but see Kost & Heil, 2005).”
Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles induce an indirect defence in neighbouring plants (2006, methodology): “Both mixtures were adjusted to mimic natural production within three days post-induction (C. Kost, unpublished data; Kost & Heil 2005).”
The multiple faces of indirect defences and their agents of natural selection (2011, result): “…effect of ants using extrafloral nectaries (Chamberlain & Holland 2009; Rosumek et al. 2009) and this interpretation is strongly supported by experimental manipulations of the quantity of EFN on Macaranga spp. (Heil et al. 2001) or lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants (Kost & Heil 2005, 2008).”
Plant defense against herbivores: chemical aspects. (2012, background): “Finally, providing extrafloral nectar or food bodies is another strategy of indirect defense used by many plants to attract ants, which in turn attack and drive off all other animals from their host plants (54, 70).”