Electromagnetic modeling of terahertz quantum cascade laser waveguides and resonators

By S. Kohen, B. Williams, Q. Hu. 2005

234 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Finite-element numerical modeling and analysis of electromagnetic waveguides and resonators used in terahertz quantum cascade lasers are presented. Both metal-metal and semi-insulating (SI) surface-plasmon ridge waveguide geometries were investigated. Simulations and analysis of two types were performed: two-dimensional waveguides (eigenmode calculation), and two- and three-dimensional resonators (facet reflectivity calculation for infinite width and finite width waveguides, respectively). Waveguide simulations extend previous transverse one-dimensional analyses to two dimensions (for the lateral and transverse dimensions), and quantify the breakdown of the one-dimensional approximation as the ridge width is reduced. Resonator simulations in two and three dimensions are presented and are used to obtain facet reflectivities and output radiation patterns. For the metal-metal waveguide structures, these resonator simulations quantitatively show strong deviations for terahertz facet reflectivities from those ...

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a8ea6a0333040140547303b17bd9e62764f9076

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In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Sushil Kumar
2. Goutam Chattopadhyay
3. F. Capasso
4. M. Belkin
5. J. Reno
6. Q. Hu
7. B. Williams
8. Miriam S. Vitiello

In Spectroscopy

1. Sushil Kumar
2. Goutam Chattopadhyay
3. F. Capasso
4. M. Belkin
5. J. Reno
6. Q. Hu
7. B. Williams
8. Miriam S. Vitiello

Citations in the corpus

• Recent Progress in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers (2011, unknown): “…dimensions of the emitting aperture in the metal–metal waveguides, their emission is characterized by divergent beam patterns and low output powers [25], [26]; however, unique distributed-feedback (DFB) techniques have recently been demonstrated to achieve singlemode operation with narrow beam…”
• Magnetic-field-assisted terahertz quantum cascade laser operating up to 225 K (2009, unknown): “The possibility of multi-wavelength lasing is enabled by the metal–metal waveguide, which has low losses and strong modal confinement over the entire terahertz rang”
• Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2007, unknown): “The downside is that ridges narrower than about 100 μm tend to squeeze the mode into the substrate, which limits the minimum device are”
• New frontiers in quantum cascade lasers: high performance room temperature terahertz sources (2015, background): “1 ps [35] and bulk dielectric constant of undoped InP in THz [59].”
• Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Source Based on Intra-Cavity Difference-Frequency Generation (2007, background): “The discrepancy may result from a number of factors, including mid-infrared lasing in many higher order lateral modes, the actual value of &chi(2) being significantly smaller, poor THz-wave outcouplin”
• High-power terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2006, background): “21 for the fundamental mode in a 200-μm-wide ridge [3].”
• Technology, Capabilities, and Performance of Low Power Terahertz Sources (2011, background): “gent output beam that is difficult to focus into an optical component [208], [213].”