Cyclization Enzymes in the Biosynthesis of Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, and Diterpenes

By E. Davis, R. Croteau. 2000

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Biosynthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants: A review (2016, methodology): “These enzymes catalyzed the formation of a range of products in fixed ratios, as indicated by the refinement of native monoterpene synthases.((196))”
Plant Volatiles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives (2006, background): “All terpenoid synthases require a divalent metal ion as the only cofactor for catalysis and the multiple enzymatic products are the result of the combination of a wide array of possible carbocationic intermediates and their multiple metabolic fates (Wise and Croteau, 1999; Cane, 1999; Davis and Crot”
A cDNA clone for β-caryophyllene synthase from Artemisia annua (2002, background): “The b-caryophyllene synthase bears the GVYXEP element common to angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases, and the DDXXD divalent metal ion-substrate binding motif that is highly conserved in terpene synthases (Davis and Croteau, 2000).”
Genes, enzymes and chemicals of terpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of conifers against insects and pathogens. (2006, background): “Although all terpene synthases use DMAPP, GPP, FPP or GGPP as a substrate, predicting the product profile is almost impossible from the sequence alone.”