Adverse Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Foodstuffs and Cigarette Smoke
By S. Satarug, M. Moore. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004
852 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Cadmium is a cumulative nephrotoxicant that is absorbed into the body from dietary sources and cigarette smoking. The levels of Cd in organs such as liver and kidney cortex increase with age because of the lack of an active biochemical process for its elimination coupled with renal reabsorption. Recent research has provided evidence linking Cd-related kidney dysfunction and decreases in bone mineral density in nonoccupationally exposed populations who showed no signs of nutritional deficiency. This challenges the previous view that the concurrent kidney and bone damage seen in Japanese itai-itai disease patients was the result of Cd toxicity in combination with nutritional deficiencies, notably, of zinc and calcium. Further, such Cd-linked bone and kidney toxicities were observed in people whose dietary Cd intakes were well within the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives of 1 μg/kg body weight/day or 70 μg/day. This evidence points to the much-needed revision of the current PTWI for Cd. Also, evidence for the carcinogenic risk of chronic Cd exposure is accumulating and Cd effects on reproductive outcomes have begun to emerge.
Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Nutrition and Dietetics, Pollution
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a1be9a2c491e43b66e4fadb4dd98e4640f5d81d
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Citations in the corpus
- The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity (2020, background): “The enhanced intake of some bioelements may prevent the absorption and the toxic effects of Cd; at the same time, the deficiency of some of these biologically active substances can increase gastrointestinal absorption and the accumulation of Cd in the body [55,62,68,100,106].”
- Cadmium, Environmental Exposure, and Health Outcomes (2009, background): “However, numerous studies have revealed adverse kidney effects at urinary cadmium levels 0.5 µg/g creatinine (Satarug and Moore 2004).”
- Soil contamination with cadmium, consequences and remediation using organic amendments. (2017, background): “Research has been conducted on the adverse effects of Cd on human health (Chen et al., 2008; Friberg et al., 1985; Haswell-Elkins et al., 2008; Inaba et al., 2005; Ning et al., 2006; Satarug and Moore, 2004).”