Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey

By Jamal Nazzal Al-Karaki, Ahmed El-Sayed Kamal. 2004

5,234 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications

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In Computer Networks and Communications

Citations in the corpus

A Multi-Agent Framework for Packet Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015, background): “According to Al-Karaki and Kamal [7], almost all of the routing approaches can be classified into three major categories: flat routing approaches, hierarchical routing approaches and”
Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey (2010, methodology): “Bounded Voronoi Greedy Forwarding [BVGF]: BVGF [24] uses the concept of Voronoi diagram [11] in which the sensors should be aware of their geographical positions.”
Cognitive radio sensor networks (2009, background): “In fact, there are various energy efficient routing algorithms proposed for WSN with fixed allocation scheme [42].”
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security (2009, background): “These protocols can be divided into three broad categories according to the network structure: (i) flat-based routing, (ii) hierarchical-based routing, and (iii) location-based routing [133].”
A new evolutionary based routing protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (2012, neutral): “For example, at the network layer, it is highly desirable to find methods for energy-efficient route discovery and relaying of data from the sensor nodes to an external sink or base-station (BS) so that the lifetime of the network is maximized [5].”
A Survey on Localization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (2009, background): “Traditional WSN routing protocols [21], which describe how to pass messages through the network so they will most likely reach their destination, typically rely on routing tables or recent route histories.”
A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks (2006, background): “These routing protocols can be divided into three categories according to the network structure: flat-based routing, hierarchical-based routing, and location-based routing [ 78 ].”
Swarm intelligence based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks: Survey and future directions (2011, background): “For more comprehensive surveys, the interested reader is referred to [1,2,4,10,46] and the references therein.”
Cyber–Physical Systems: A Perspective at the Centennial (2012, background): “The protocol itself may be flat, hierarchical or even location-based [202].”
Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards (2007, background): “Several surveys [133,59,61,2], and [3] discussed various aspects on wireless sensor networks.”
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey (2013, methodology): “Although, there is a good number of surveys for sensor networks, or routing and MAC algorithms for WSNs ([2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9] and [10]), this paper provides an analytical survey emphasizing on the energy-ef ﬁ cient routing protocols in WSNs.”
Overview of Data Routing Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks (2012, background): “Likewise, routing protocols based on their structures are explained in [32] and [33].”
Clustering in sensor networks: A literature survey (2014, background): “Sensor networks are naturally data-centric (Al-Karaki and Kamal, 2004); thus providing schemes that support the data-centric routing seems essential in these networks.”
Robots for Environmental Monitoring: Significant Advancements and Applications (2012, background): “communication aspects [35], deployments [36], [37], data gathering and processing [38], and energy efficiency [39].”