Presence of therapeutic drugs in the environment.

By E. Zuccato, D. Calamari, M. Natangelo, R. Fanelli. The Lancet, 2000

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Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater: A review of sources, fate and occurrence. (2012, background): “…have been detected in a number of studies (e.g. Stolker et al. 2004, Stackelberg et al. 2007), the veterinary antibiotic compound tylosin (Zuccato et al. 2000); steroids by comparison have rarely been observed in treated drinking water (Fawell et al., 2001; Rodriguez-Mozaz et al., 2004;…”
Carbamazepine (CBZ) induced enzymatic stress in gill, liver and muscle of a common carp, Cyprinus carpio (2012, background): “, 2009), the occurrence of drugs in the environment was usually in low concentrations (ngAg/L), where in rivers, lakes and seawater ranges from ng/L (Zuccato et al., 2000; Thomas and Hilton, 2004; Gros et al., 2006).”
Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water. (2009, background): “PPs like erythromycin, cyclophosphamide, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine, ormetabolite such as clofibric acid, are known to be persistent more than one year in all natural waters (Zuccato et al., 2000).”
Effluent from an NSAID-Manufacturing Plant in Mexico Induces Oxidative Stress on Cyprinus carpio (2013, background): “Clofibric acid, the main metabolite of clofibrate, is still detectable in rivers years after its withdrawal from the market (Zuccato et al. 2000; Santos et al. 2010).”