Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics

By T. Gu, Nicholas Petrone, J. McMillan, A. van der Zande, M. Yu, Guo-Qiang Lo, D. Kwong, James C. Hone, C. W. Wong. Nature Photonics, 2012

584 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The unique linear and massless band structure of graphene in a purely two-dimensional Dirac fermionic structure has led to intense research in fields ranging from condensed matter physics to nanoscale device applications covering the electrical, thermal, mechanical and optical domains. Here, we report three consecutive first observations in graphene–silicon hybrid optoelectronic devices—ultralow-power resonant optical bistability, self-induced regenerative oscillations and coherent four-wave mixing—all at few-femtojoule cavity recirculating energies. These observations, in comparison with control measurements on solely monolithic silicon cavities, are enabled only by the dramatically large and ultrafast χ(3) nonlinearities in graphene and the large Q/V ratios in wavelength-localized photonic crystal cavities. These third-order nonlinear results demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of hybrid two-dimensional graphene–silicon nanophotonic devices for next-generation chip-scale high-speed optical communications, radiofrequency optoelectronics and all-optical signal processing. Scientists report the observation of ultralow-power resonant optical bistability, self-induced regenerative oscillations and coherent four-wave mixing in graphene–silicon hybrid optoelectronic devices at cavity recirculating energies of a few femtojoules. The findings indicate the feasibility and versatility of such devices for use in next-generation chip-scale high-speed optical communications, radiofrequency optoelectronics and all-optical signal processing.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09b024f12093cbd5b0329e5a4e9635a58d58ec7e

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Citations in the corpus

Broadband gate-tunable terahertz plasmons in graphene heterostructures (2017, background): “only by the fine structure constant  [9], one that is remarkably charge-density tunable [10-11] and with broadband nonlinearities [12-15].”
Graphene Photonics, Plasmonics, and Optoelectronics (2014, methodology): “Furthermore, this nonlinearity is essentially dispersionless in the near-IR and visible and has already been utilized in four-wave mixing applications [34], [35]”
Ultra-compact integrated graphene plasmonic photodetector with bandwidth above 110 GHz (2018, background): “Graphene, a unique CMOS compatible two-dimensional (2D) material, provides great potential in the realization of high-performance optoelectronic devices [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].”