Effective and accurate use of difference in mean volume backscattering strength to identify fish and plankton

By Myounghee Kang, M. Furusawa, K. Miyashita. 2002

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Classification trees for species identification of fish-school echotraces (2009, background): “As a result of such developments, the work on fish-species identification using multifrequency data has expanded (e.g. Kang et al., 2002; Brierley et al., 2004; Gauthier and Horne, 2004; Korneliussen and Ona, 2004).”
Acoustic species identification of schooling fish (2009, methodology): “Multifrequency data have been used since the late 1970s to identify and quantify scattering from zooplankton (Holliday, 1977; Martin et al., 1996), micronekton (Madureira et al., 1993), and fish (Kang et al., 2002; Kloser et al., 2002; Korneliussen and Ona, 2002, 2004; Fässler et al., 2007).”
The aggregation of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the deep Atlantic layer of ice-covered Amundsen Gulf (Beaufort Sea) in winter (2011, background): “The difference in mean volume-backscattering strength (DMVBS) between two acoustic frequencies allows discriminating pelagic fish from smaller organisms (Madureira et al. 1993; Kang et al. 2002; Simard et al. 2002).”
A multifrequency method to classify and evaluate fisheries acoustics data (2006, methodology): “These techniques have been used to separate fish with gas-filled swimbladders from fish with no swimbladder (Kirkegaard and Lassen 1990) and swimbladder-bearing fish from zooplankton (Sætersdal et al. 1982; Cochrane et al. 1991; Kang et al. 2002), to generate size-based estimates of zooplankton (Gre”