Starch-based nanocomposites reinforced with flax cellulose nanocrystals

By Xiaodong Cao, Yun Chen, P. Chang, A. Muir, G. Falk. 2008

271 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In this study, the cellulose crystals, prepared by acid hydrolysis of flax fiber, consisted of slender rods with lengths ranging from 100 to 500 nm and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm, respectively. After mixing the suspension of flax cellulose nanocrystals (FCNs) and plasticized starch (PS), the nanocomposite films were obtained by the casting method. The effects of FCNs loading on the morphology, thermal behaviour, mechanical properties and water sensitivity of the films were investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and water absorption testing. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of the failure surfaces clearly demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of FCNs within the PS matrix and strong interfacial adherence between matrix and fillers, which led to an increase of glass transition temperature ascribed to the starch molecular chains in the starch-rich phase. In particular, these nanocomposite films exhibited a significant increase in tensile strength and Young’s modulus from 3.9 to 11.9 MPa and from 31.9 to 498.2 MPa, respectively, with increasing FCNs content from 0 to 30 wt%. Also, with a loading of FCNs, the resulting nanocomposite films showed a higher water resistance. Therefore, FCNs played an important role in improving the mechanical properties and water resistance of the starch-based materials.

Subfields: Biomaterials

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08db0fb8147124c55b321c3fa4bdaf7cc3b22443

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In Biomaterials

1. Fernand Pla
2. S. Rebouillat
3. O. Faruk
4. A. Bledzki
5. H. Fink
6. M. Sain
7. M. Ioelovich
8. Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak

Citations in the corpus

• Cellulose as a nanostructured polymer: A short review (2008, background): “…in reviews of Hubbe et al. (2008) and Azizi Samir et al. (2005), as well as in many articles (Azizi Samir et al. 2004; Chauve et al. 2005; Favier et al. 2005, 2005a; Dalmas et al. 2006; Millon and Wan 2006; Oksman et al. 2006; Heriksson and Berglund 2007a; Cao et al. 2008; Dufresne 2008; etc.).”
• Effect of nanocellulose isolation techniques on the formation of reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films (2012, background): “acid hydrolysis, can remove the amorphous regions of cellulose fibers and produce cellulose nanocrystals [11–12].”
• Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010 (2012, background): “In the literature there are reports of cellulose nano/microfibril extraction from diverse non-wood sources including hemp fibers [481,482], sugar beet pulp [483,484], potato pulp [485], swede root [486], bagasse [487–491], sisal [492,493], algae [494], stems of cacti [495,496], banana rachis [497], ”
• Effect of sugar palm nanofibrillated cellulose concentrations on morphological, mechanical and physical properties of biodegradable films based on agro-waste sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) starch (2019, background): “[55] Cao X, Chen Y, Chang PR, Muir AD, Falk G.”
• State of the Art Manufacturing and Engineering of Nanocellulose: A Review of Available Data and Industrial Applications (2013, background): “The corresponding process operating conditions have been determined experimentally on different cellulosic materials [64-81].”