Development and Evaluation of Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for Freshwater Ecosystems

By D. Macdonald, C. Ingersoll, T. Berger. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000

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Biological effects-based sediment quality in ecological risk assessment for European waters (2003, background): “154 JSS – J Soils & Sediments 3 (3) 2003 The initial proposal was based on consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PEC; MacDonald et al. 2000).”
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. (2011, methodology): “The consensus-based SQGs were developed from the published freshwater sediment-quality guidelines that have been derived from a variety of approaches [23].”
Framework for metals risk assessment. (2007, background): “Under these conditions, the solid-phase sediment profile reflects this reworking rather than the historical record of metal loadings (MacDonald et al., 2000).”
The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: reviewing the evidence (2004, background): “Pesticides may also enter surface waters via runoff or leaching, indeed 50% of samples taken from rivers in USA were toxic (MacDonald et al., 2000).”