The new LUCID-2 detector for luminosity measurement and monitoring in ATLAS

By G. Avoni, M. Bruschi, G. Cabras, D. Caforio, N. Dehghanian, A. Floderus, B. Giacobbe, F. Giannuzzi, F. M. Giorgi, P. Grafström and 16 more. Journal of Instrumentation, 2018

802 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The ATLAS luminosity monitor, LUCID (LUminosity Cherenkov Integrating Detector), had to be upgraded for the second run of the LHC accelerator that started in spring 2015. The increased energy of the proton beams and the higher luminosity required a redesign of LUCID to cope with the more demanding conditions. The novelty of the LUCID-2 detector is that it uses the thin quartz windows of photomultipliers as Cherenkov medium and a small amounts of radioactive 207Bi sources deposited on to these windows to monitor the gain stability of the photomultipliers. The result is a fast and accurate luminosity determination that can be kept stable during many months of data taking. LUCID-2 can also measure the luminosity accurately online for each of the up to 2808 colliding bunch pairs in the LHC . These bunch pairs are separated by only 25 ns and new electronics has been built that can count not only the number of pulses above threshold but also integrate the pulses.

Subfields: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0859c47369f3c9b45cb4450e80ac48047611fe6c

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Citations in the corpus

Muon reconstruction and identification efficiency in ATLAS using the full Run 2 $pp$ collision data set at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV (2020, methodology): “7% [48], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [49] for the primary luminosity measurements.”
Performance of the ATLAS muon triggers in Run 2 (2020, methodology): “The data used in the measurements to derive the pp collisions trigger performance rates and efficiencies were collected during Run 2 in 2015–2018 with pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, amounting to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 [4, 5].”
Study of the rare decays of Bs0 and B0 mesons into muon pairs using data collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector (2018, methodology): “scale using x-y beam-separation scans, and use the LUCID-2 detector [21] for the baseline”
Luminosity determination in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC (2022, methodology): “For LHC Run 2, the primary bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement was provided by the LUCID2 Cherenkov detector [14] in the far forward region, upgraded from its Run 1 configuration and referred to hereafter as LUCID.”
Searches for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles with compressed mass spectra in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2019, methodology): “7% [50], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [51] for the primary luminosity measurements.”
Combined measurements of Higgs boson production and decay using up to $80$ fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment (2019, methodology): “0% in the combined 2015–2017 integrated luminosity [42], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [43] for the primary luminosity measurements.”
Search for electroweak production of charginos and sleptons decaying into final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions using the ATLAS detector (2019, methodology): “7% [37], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [38] for the primary luminosity measure-”
ATLAS data quality operations and performance for 2015-2018 data-taking (2019, methodology): “7% [12], obtained using the LUCID-2 detector [14] for the primary luminosity measurements.”