Toxic Heavy Metal and Metalloid Accumulation in Crop Plants and Foods.

By S. Clemens, J. Ma. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2016

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Arsenic Uptake, Toxicity, Detoxification, and Speciation in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects (2018, background): “Cellular membranes could be damaged in response to As stress, leading to increased leakage of cellular electrolytes and many other essential components [193,225].”
Heavy metals (As, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa) from Iran and associated risk assessment: a systematic review (2017, background): “Human health can be threatened through consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables and animal’s meat contaminated by heavy metals (Clemens and Ma 2016).”
The roles of membrane transporters in arsenic uptake, translocation and detoxification in plants (2020, background): “The mechanisms of As uptake and translocation differ between different As species (Clemens & Ma, 2016; Zhao, McGrath et al., 2010).”
Engineering plants for heavy metal stress tolerance (2018, neutral): “(2016) TcPCS1 Tobacco Engineered Cd tolerance due to decrease in malondialdehyde content and elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes Clemens and Ma (2016) 1 3 metal/metalloid stress tolerance mechanisms and dissemination of this information from lab to field trials make it difficult to achieve.”