Strain distribution during anchorage failure of Pinus pinaster Ait. at different ages and tree growth response to wind-induced root movement

By Alexia Stokes. Plant and Soil, 2004

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A Numerical Investigation into the Influence of Soil Type and Root Architecture on Tree Anchorage (2005, background): “The dissymmetry of this type of uprooting mechanism has been highlighted by experimental studies on tap-rooted Maritime pine growing in sandy soils (Cucchi et al., 2004; Stokes, 1999) and also in Pinus peuce (Mickovski and Ennos, 2003) even though it has never been related to soil internal friction.”
Root anchorage of inner and edge trees in stands of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) growing in different podzolic soil conditions (2004, methodology): “This critical turning moment allows comparisons between species due to their different mechanical behaviour (Savill 1983; Peltola et al. 2000), which could be explained by stem characteristics, e.g. taper (Meunier et al. 2002) or root system architecture and anchorage strength (Stokes 1999).”
Root Pruning and Stability of Young Willow Oak (2008, unknown): “Stokes (1999) found that 13-year-old pines tended to fail either at the base of the trunk or at the tap root, whereas 17-year-old pines failed at the tap root or lateral roots.”