DISTRIBUTION OF THE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID, DIAPHORINA CITRI KUWAYAMA (RHYNCHOTA: PSYLLIDAE) IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

By S. Halbert, C. A. Núñez. 2004

153 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama 1907 (Rhynchota: Psyllidae), was described from Taiwan and is native to Asia. It has been known in the Western Hemisphere for several decades in Brazil (Hodkinson & White 1981; Lima 1942). During the past decade, its range has expanded into northern South America and the Caribbean. The focus of this paper is to document the distribution of D. citri in the Caribbean Basin. Burckhardt & Martinez (1989) reportedD. citri intercepted in France on citrus plants from Honduras and "reconditione aux Etats-Unis avant d'etre importe en France." This report has been difficult to verify. There is no doubt that the intercepted insects were D. citri, but the source of the shipment is questionable. The circumstances under which these infested plants spent time being rehabilitated in the United States are not stated. Citrus plants from foreign sources are not allowed in the USA except under strict quarantine conditions (Title 7 (Agriculture), Chapter III, Part 319.19, Code of Federal Regulations). Additionally, D. citri was not present in the USA in 1989, so the infestation did not come from the USA. Visiting scientists Ronald Cave (Department of Entomology, University of Florida, pers. comm. 2003) and James Baker (Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, pers. comm. 2003) spent many months in Honduras in the 1990s and failed to find D. citri. In 1997, specimens of D. citri were found on citrus in Corrientes, Argentina, by Sara Caiceres (Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) accession # E1997-3427). Evidently, the infestation was minor, because the Argentina Department of Agriculture was unaware of the presence of D. citri in Argentina in 1998. This low infestation level suggests that D. citri had been there prior to 1997 long enough for populations to subside to low levels controlled by local natural enemies. In 1998, D. citri was found in Guadeloupe (Etienne et al. 1998) and in south Florida (FSCA# E1998-1751) (Halbert 1998; Halbert et al. 2003). Since then, movement throughout the Caribbean has been rapid. In 1999, D. citri was found on Abaco Island and Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas, on both Citrus spp. and on Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. (FSCA# E1999-1975, 1976, Robert C. Bullock and Robert R. Pelosi, University of Florida). Two years later, high numbers of D. citri were intercepted on citrus fruit from Abaco, Bahamas sent for processing in Ft. Pierce, FL (FSCA# E2001-747, 850, 978, 1135, and 2049, Kenneth L. Hibbard and James J. Walukiewicz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) inspectors). These repeated interceptions of D. citri indicate beyond doubt that D. citri can move on fresh, unprocessed citrus fruit. Infestations were found in West Bay, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands in June 2000 (FSCA# E2000-2102, Joan Steer and Sasha Frederick). In 2001,D. citri was intercepted in passenger baggage on leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel from St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, probably indicating a population of D. citri on that island (FSCA# E2001-696). An infestation was found in Jamaica for the first time in Bodles, St. Catherine on 18 January 2003 (FSCA# E2003-259, Sharon McDonald). Diaphorina citri was first found in the Dominican Republic in September 2001, but because of its wide distribution in the country, we believe its introduction occurred at least one year before its detection. The specimens from the Dominican Republic are housed at the Museum of Natural History, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. All collections are by C.A. Nuiiez unless otherwise noted. They are labeled as follows: 17 adults on Murraya paniculata-Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, Ciudad de los Millones, 16-IX-2001; 9 adults on Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Plaza de la Cultura "Juan Pablo Duarte," 20-IX-2001; 6 adults, 1 nymph on Murraya paniculata, Ensanche Miraflores, 21-IX-2001; 3 adults on Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., 2 adults on Citrus reticulata Blanco, 6 adults on Citrus limetta Risso, 5 adults on Citrus sinensis, 7 adults on Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr., Urbanizaci6n Las Praderas, 22IX-2001; 7 adults, 3 nymphs on Citrus aurantium L., Ensanche Quisqueya, 23-IX-2001; 11 adults on Murraya paniculata, 3 adults on Citrus limon, 3 adults on Citrus sinensis, Province of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo Oeste, Engombe 26-VII2002; 6 adults, 9 nymphs on Murraya paniculata, Zona Industrial, Herrera, 14-XI-2002; 8 adults, 10 nymphs on Murraya paniculata, Santo Domingo Este, Ensanche Ozama, 8-VIII-2002; 7 adults on Citrus sinensis, San Cristobal, General Leger Ave., 30-IX-2001; 9 adults on Murraya paniculata, Monte Plata, Parque Central, 23-VII-

Subfields: Insect Science, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/077db60dcb69453bcf8bb218fd6b9ee6b2190a8d

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Insect Science

In Plant Science

Citations in the corpus

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS (STERNORRHYNCHA: PSYLLIDAE) AND GREENING DISEASE OF CITRUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN FLORIDA (2004, background): “Numerous D. citri were intercepted in boxes of grapefruit picked in the Bahamas and shipped to Ft. Pierce, Florida for packing (Halbert & Núñez 2004).”
Huanglongbing: a destructive, newly-emerging, century-old disease of citrus [Asia; South Africa; Brazil; Florida] (2006, background): “Halbert and Nunez (2004) have described the distribution of D. dtri in South, Central and North America, and the Caribbean basin.”
CITRUS FLUSHING PATTERNS, DIAPHORINA CITRI (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) POPULATIONS AND PARASITISM BY TAMARIXIA RADIATA (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) IN PUERTO RICO (2008, background): “The chronic decline in plant health associated with the pathogen leads to yellow mottled leaves with green banding along the major veins and fruit that are small, misshaped, and bitter in taste (Halbert & Manjunath 2004; Chung & Brlansky 2005).”
Citrus Huanglongbing: the pathogen and its impact. (2007, background): “The vector, D. citri, has been present in Brazil for over 60 years (48), and has since spread into other South and Central American countries, the Caribbean, and Florida (48,58), and Texas (31) in the United States.”
Biology and management of Asian citrus psyllid, vector of the huanglongbing pathogens. (2013, background): “A comparative investigation using D. citri from various locations, including Asia and North and South America, would help reject the hypotheses that genetic or symbiont differences account for apparent major physiological differences reported to date between D. citri from various locations.”
A review on Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid), now in mainland Europe, and its potential risk as vector of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus (2017, background): “Moreover, D. citri can be transferred in fruit containers from Caribbean countries or by trailers through the US states (Halbert and Núñez 2004; Halbert et al. 2010).”