The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC
By B. E. al. 2004
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This paper describes the conclusions that can be drawn from the data taken thus far with the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. In the most central Au+Au collisions at the highest beam energy, evidence is found for the formation of a very high energy density system whose description in terms of simple hadronic degrees of freedom is inappropriate. Furthermore, the constituents of this novel system are found to undergo a significant level of interaction. The properties of particle production at RHIC energies are shown to follow a number of simple scaling behaviors, some of which continue trends found at lower energies or in simpler systems. As a function of centrality, the total number of charged particles scales with the number of participating nucleons. When comparing Au+Au at different centralities, the dependence of the yield on the number of participants at higher p T (∼4 GeV/c) is very similar to that at low transverse momentum. The measured values of charged particle pseudorapidity density and elliptic flow were found to be independent of energy over a broad range of pseudorapidities when effectively viewed in the rest frame of one of the colliding nuclei, a property we describe as “extended longitudinal scaling”. Finally, the centrality and energy dependences of several observables were found to factorize to a surprising degree.
Subfields: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/074dc04a609da31f55797968deeb46ce1cc06b61
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In Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Citations in the corpus
- Stickiness of sound: An absolute lower limit on viscosity and the breakdown of second-order relativistic hydrodynamics (2011, background): “[2] B.”
- Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow (2010, background): “dNcharged/dη is directly measurable, and for the most central collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV, a reasonable figure is dNcharged/dη = 660 [18].”
- Entropy production in collisions of gravitational shock waves and of heavy ions (2008, background): “near mid-rapidity (see for example [1]).”
- Interference effects in medium-induced gluon radiation (2011, positive): “Understanding this phenomenon of strong jet broadening and also the strong suppression of particle production at high pT in nucleus–nucleus collisions as compared to p+p, as observed at RHIC [4, 5, 6, 7] and the LHC [8], is essential for using jet probes as a diagnosis tool of hot and dense QCD matt”
- Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium (2017, methodology): “• 2004: Magnitude of elliptic flow measured by RHIC experiments, finding overall agreement with relativistic ideal fluid dynamics simulations [23–26] • 2005: BNL press release: ’RHIC Scientists Serve Up ’Perfect’ Liquid’ [27]: the matter created in relativistic ion collisions behaves like a liquid w”
- Antinuclei in heavy-ion collisions (2018, background): “This phase, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP) [119, 120, 121, 122] persists for only a few times 10−23 seconds and exhibits fluid properties with exceptionally low viscosity [123, 124, 125, 126, 127] and exceptionally high vorticity [128, 129].”
- Making, probing and understanding ultracold Fermi gases (2008, background): “For instance, the anisotropic expansion of an elongated Fermi gas shares features with the elliptical (also called radial) flow of particles observed in heavy ion collisions, which create strongly interacting quark matter [90].”
- Collective Phenomena in the Non-Equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma (2008, result): “experiments (BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR), summarized in [43, 44, 45, 46] are in remarkable quantitative agreement with each other.”